Green catalysis for efficient and sustainable water treatment

کد مقاله : 1097-FSN

نویسندگان

مهدی ملکی لنبر، مجید بغدادی * ندارد

چکیده مقاله

Escalating global water stress and the persistence of emerging contaminants demand catalytic technologies that are both efficient and environmentally benign. Conventional catalysts, often derived from scarce or toxic metals and synthesized via energy-intensive routes, contradict the ethos of sustainable development by introducing secondary pollution and high carbon footprints. Green catalysts engineered from renewable, earth-abundant, or waste-derived resources offer an integrated solution linking material performance with ecological responsibility. This review critically analyzes advances in green catalysts for water treatment, emphasizing transition-metal oxides, biomass-derived and carbon-based materials, single-atom and hybrid catalysts, and emerging non-metal systems such as g-C₃N₄ and niobium oxides. Mechanistic discussion covers oxidative, reductive, and photocatalytic pathways with focus on reactive-oxygen-species generation, electron-transfer regulation, and structure–activity relationships. Environmental and life-cycle assessments demonstrate significant reductions in energy demand and toxicity compared with conventional catalysts. Challenges related to stability, leaching, and industrial scalability are examined alongside prospects for renewable-energy integration, artificial-intelligence-assisted design, and circular-economy alignment. This comprehensive synthesis provides a sustainability-oriented roadmap for developing next-generation green catalysts capable of achieving carbon-neutral, zero-waste water purification.

کلیدواژه ها

Green catalysis; sustainable water treatment; biomass valorization; single-atom catalysts; environmental footprint; life-cycle assessment; circular economy

وضعیت: پذیرفته شده